01
Can you name the specific task that would change?
“Use AI in operations” is not a project. “Stop the finance team keying invoices by hand” is. If you can’t name the task, the scoping conversation has to happen before any build conversation does.
If the answer is a department rather than a task, you’re not ready to buy yet — and any supplier who takes the brief anyway is selling you discovery at build prices.
02
Do you know how long it takes today, and how often?
Hours per week and frequency are what turn a project into a number. Without them you can’t judge whether a fix is worth its cost, and you won’t be able to tell afterwards whether it worked.
A rough figure from the person who actually does the work beats a precise one from a manager’s estimate.
03
Where does the data actually live, and can you get at it?
Not where the architecture diagram says. In practice it’s often split across a database, a reporting tool, somebody’s spreadsheet and a vendor system whose API costs extra.
If an essential system has no API and no export, that constraint reshapes the whole project. Find out before scoping, not during.
04
Does everyone do this the same way?
Automation encodes one process. If three people each have their own version, the project includes deciding which one is correct — and that’s a management decision, not a technical one.
Undocumented variation is the most common reason automation projects run over.
05
Who owns the definitions?
What counts as an active customer, a qualified lead, a closed month. Reporting and AI projects stall here constantly, because nobody has authority to settle it.
If you can’t name the person who decides, that’s the first thing to fix.
06
What happens today when this goes wrong?
Every process has a failure path, usually informal — someone notices, someone rings someone. Automation has to handle that path too, and it’s rarely in the brief.
If nobody can describe the current failure path, it’s because failures are being absorbed silently. They’ll stop being silent once a system is doing it.
07
Would you accept a machine being right most of the time, but not always?
AI systems are probabilistic. For routing a support ticket, occasional errors are fine. For calculating statutory payments, they are not — and that difference decides whether AI is the right tool at all.
If the honest answer is “it must be right every time”, you may want deterministic software rather than a model.
08
Who checks the output, and do they have time?
Most systems that work well keep a human in the loop for the uncertain cases. That person needs capacity, and their review has to be quicker than doing the task themselves — or they’ll stop.
An exceptions queue nobody has time to work is just a backlog with better branding.
09
Can you deploy software safely today?
If releases are manual, undocumented, or depend on one person, that constrains everything built afterwards — including how fast problems can be fixed.
Sometimes the honest first project is the pipeline, not the thing you came in asking for.
10
Who maintains this after handover?
An internal team who’ll own it needs different documentation than a system expected to run untouched for two years. Both are legitimate; they cost differently.
If the answer is “nobody”, build for that explicitly instead of pretending otherwise.
11
What does another year of the status quo cost?
This is the number that decides whether to act now or later, and it’s the one most often skipped. Sometimes it’s small, and the right decision is to do nothing.
If you can’t make the cost of inaction concrete, the project will keep losing budget arguments to things that can.
12
If this works, what’s the next thing?
A first project that opens a path is worth more than one that solves a problem and dead-ends. Knowing the direction changes architectural choices early, when they’re cheap.
You don’t need a roadmap. You do need to know whether this is a one-off or a first step.